How to Get a Land Survey: A Step-by-Step Guide

Thinking about buying land, putting up a fence, or needing to resolve a property line dispute? A land survey gives you the clarity you need—and helps avoid future headaches.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through the land survey process. From selecting a licensed professional to understanding survey types and reviewing the results, you’ll learn the basics so you know what to expect.

Contents

Step 1: Understand the Need for a Land Survey

Step 2: Determine What Type of Survey You Need

Step 3: Gather Relevant Documents

Step 4: Find a Licensed Land Surveyor

Step 5: Schedule a Site Visit

Step 6: The Surveyor Conducts the Survey

Step 7: Review the Survey Report and Map

Step 8: Use Your Survey as Needed

Step 9: Record Your Survey with the County 

FAQ

What is a Land Survey?

A land survey defines the exact boundaries and dimensions of a property using specialized equipment and techniques, such as topographic mapping or aerial imaging. Surveys help identify boundary lines, easements, and potential encroachments.

Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Understanding the Need for a Land Survey

Start by thinking about why you need a survey. Are you buying or selling? Planning a big construction project? Maybe you're sorting out a property line squabble with your neighbor? Knowing the 'why' helps you figure out the 'what.'

Here are a few reasons you may need a survey:

• Establish Boundaries: Guarantee the exact dimensions of your land.
• Property Transactions: Essential for accurate legal property descriptions.
• Construction Projects: Required for building or making improvements near property lines.
• Resolve Disputes: Used in settling property disputes or encroachments.
• Locating Features: Discover what type of easements or zoning restrictions the land may have.

Step 2: Determine What Type of Survey You Need

Not all surveys are created equal! Depending on your needs, there's a survey that fits. Here's a quick rundown of the most common ones:

• Boundary Survey: Identifies property lines and easements.
• Topographic Survey: Maps terrain features and elevation for construction or landscaping.
• ALTA/NSPS Survey: Comprehensive surveys for commercial properties. Follows strict standards set by the American Land Title Association (ALTA) and National Society of Professional Surveyors (NSPS).
• Subdivision Survey: Needed for dividing larger property into smaller lots.

A professional surveyor can guide you if you’re unsure which type fits your needs.

Step 3: Gather Relevant Documents

Having relevant documents ready will help the surveyor understand the property’s boundaries, history, and any previous surveys. These documents may include:

• Deed and Legal Description: Details on boundaries and ownership history.
• Previous Survey Reports: Any existing survey reports.
• Title Insurance Policy: Records of any easements or restrictions.

Step 4: Find a Licensed Land Surveyor 

Finding the right surveyor doesn't have to be tricky. You can start by:

1. Researching Online: Look for licensed land surveyors in your area, paying attention to reviews and recommendations. 
2. Checking Licenses and Credentials: Make sure they’re licensed to operate in your state. Most surveyors will list what states they’re licensed in on their websites, but you may also be able to check state licensing boards before reaching out.
3. Comparing Quotes and Services: Survey costs can vary, so get multiple quotes and understand what each includes.

The surveyor’s expertise will impact the quality and accuracy of the survey, so take time to select a reputable professional.

Step 5: Schedule a Site Visit

Once you hire a surveyor, arrange a site visit. During the visit:

• Discuss Your Needs: Explain the purpose of the survey and any specific questions you have about the project.
• Ask Questions: Ask about the timeline and deliverables, including maps or reports.

Finding a trusted surveyor and establishing your needs will determine how long the process may take.

Step 6: The Surveyor Conducts the Survey

Surveyors will:

• Review Property Records.

• Use Specialized Equipment To Take Measurements. 

• Mark Boundary Lines With Stakes, Spray Paint, or Other Markers.

• Create a Detailed Map Showing Property Lines and Features.

This step may take time, especially if it’s a large property or if the terrain or boundary lines are unclear. Different types of surveys will take different amounts of time, ranging from a few hours to several weeks.

Step 7: Review the Survey Report and Map

Examine the final survey for:

• Accurate Boundary Lines.

• Encroachments or Easements.

• Improvements and Existing Structures.

Ask questions if anything is unclear. 

Step 8: Use Your Survey as Needed

The final survey will be a legal record you can use for:

• Property Transactions: Include it in closing documents to ensure accurate property transfer. 
• Construction and Development: Submit it to obtain building permits.
• Boundary Disputes: Use it as evidence to resolve any disputes with neighbors.

Keep your survey for future reference.

Step 9: Record Your Survey with the County

In some cases, you might need to file the survey with the county’s Register of Deeds, especially for new developments or subdivisions. Filing the survey gives landowners a backup home for the records in case legal disputes erupt. Check with your local county office for specific requirements.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Why do I need a land survey?

A: Land surveys help settle boundary disputes, assist in construction and development processes, and are necessary for any successful, smooth land transaction.  

Q: How much does a land survey cost?

A: The cost of land surveys varies according to property size, terrain, location, and survey type. The cost can be anything from a couple hundred for a one-acre property to thousands of dollars for large-scale commercial grounds. Compare quotes with surveyors to find the best value.

Q: Do land surveys expire? 

A: Land surveys don’t have official expiration dates, but they can become outdated if significant changes occur on the property, like rezoning, or if it's being prepared for sale. In such cases, an updated survey is often requested by potential buyers to ensure accuracy.

Final Thoughts

A land survey might not sound exciting, but it can save you loads of time, cash, and headaches in the long run. Whether you’re a landowner, developer, or first time buyer, understanding a property’s boundaries is crucial for peace of mind and informed decision-making.